Step-by-Step Guide

Who Needs a W-9 Form? Complete List

A comprehensive guide on who needs to fill out a W-9 form, covering contractors, freelancers, sole proprietors, LLCs, trusts, and more.

Last reviewed: July 2026

Who Must Fill Out a W-9

  • Independent contractors and freelancers — anyone paid $600 or more for services performed for a business.
  • Sole proprietors — operating as a sole proprietorship and a client is paying you.
  • LLC members (single-member LLCs treated as sole proprietors or partnerships).
  • Partners — partners in a business partnership receiving distributions or guaranteed payments.
  • Consultants and advisors — anyone providing professional consulting services.
  • Gig economy workers — rideshare drivers, delivery couriers, and others paid by platforms.
  • Attorneys — receiving settlements or legal fees.

Who Does NOT Need a W-9

  • Full-time employees — employees receive a W-4 instead. The employer handles withholding.
  • Foreign persons — typically fill out Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E instead.

What If You Refuse to Provide a W-9?

If you refuse to provide a W-9, the payer must apply 24% backup withholding on all payments — 24% of every payment goes directly to the IRS.

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